FONTES DE FERRO DA NOSSA DIETA

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O ferro proveniente da dieta de seres humanos é absorvido através das células da mucosa intestinal, principalmente no duodeno, e é transportado na corrente sanguínea e fluido extracelular ligado a uma proteína plasmática chamada transferrina. Dois tipos de ferro são fornecidos pela dieta: o ferro heme e o ferro não-heme. O ferro heme está presente em alimentos de origem animal, como carne bovina, frango e peixe, e o ferro não-heme, além de ser ofertado pela carne vermelha, também é encontrado nos cereais e outros vegetais.

De acordo com a sua forma, o ferro pode ser absorvido de diferentes maneiras na mucosa intestinal. O ferro heme é solúvel nas condições do intestino delgado, sendo facilmente absorvido pela mucosa intestinal sem a interferência de fatores químicos e/ou alimentares. Por esta razão, é altamente absorvido: cerca de 15% do ferro heme ingerido pelo indivíduo normal e 35% naquele com baixa reserva de ferro.

Em contraste, a absorção do ferro não-heme é bem menor, de cerca de 1 a 5%, e varia substancialmente em função da presença de fatores químicos e alimentares, como é o caso das vitaminas C e A, que facilitam sua absorção. Por outro lado, os fitatos (encontrados em cereais e grãos), as fibras, os taninos (encontrado em chás e no café) e o cálcio dificultam sua absorção.

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